Mutuality in Global Mission Partnership: A Case Study of the Gereja Isa Almasih and the Presbyterian Church of Korea

Goenawan Susanto Hadianto, Young-Dong Kim

Abstract


Global mission partnerships continue to face challenges related to power imbalance, paternalism, dependency, and unequal distribution of resources. Although these issues have been widely discussed, less attention has been given to how mutuality develops through concrete interchurch partnerships, particularly within South–South relationships among Asian churches. This study examined how mutuality developed in the mission partnership between Gereja Isa Almasih (GIA) and the Presbyterian Church of Korea (PCK). Using a qualitative case study design, the study analyzed synod documents and field observations from Abdiel Theological Seminary in Indonesia and Kimhae, South Korea. The findings indicate that the partnership developed from an initially asymmetric sender–receiver relationship toward more reciprocal and complementary participation. This development was expressed through respect for local leadership, complementary resource sharing, reciprocal missionary participation, cross-cultural exchange, and joint mission engagement, including GIA's later role as a sending church to Korea. The study demonstrates that mutuality can develop within an initially asymmetric South–South interchurch partnership without requiring the elimination of differences in resources and roles. It thus contributes to missiological understandings of mutuality as a dynamic process through which differentiated roles become reciprocal and complementary participation in God's mission.

 

 Abstrak

Kemitraan misi global terus menghadapi tantangan yang berkaitan dengan ketimpangan kekuasaan, paternalisme, ketergantungan, dan ketidaksetaraan dalam distribusi sumber daya. Meskipun berbagai persoalan tersebut telah banyak dibahas, masih terbatas perhatian ditujukan kepada bagaimana mutualitas berkembang melalui kemitraan konkret antargereja, khususnya dalam hubungan antar-gereja di Asia. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana mutualitas berkembang dalam kemitraan misi antara Gereja Isa Almasih (GIA) dan Presbyterian Church of Korea (PCK). Dengan menggunakan desain studi kasus kualitatif, penelitian ini menganalisis dokumen sinode dan observasi lapangan di Abdiel Theological Seminary, Indonesia, serta Kimhae, Korea Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemitraan tersebut berkembang dari hubungan awal yang asimetris antara pengirim dan penerima menuju partisipasi yang lebih timbal balik dan komplementer. Perkembangan ini terlihat dalam penghargaan terhadap kepemimpinan lokal, pembagian sumber daya secara komplementer, partisipasi misioner yang timbal balik, pertukaran lintas budaya, dan keterlibatan dalam misi bersama, termasuk peran GIA yang kemudian menjadi gereja pengutus ke Korea. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa mutualitas dapat berkembang dalam kemitraan antargereja yang pada awalnya bersifat asimetris tanpa harus menghilangkan perbedaan sumber daya dan peran. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman misiologis tentang mutualitas sebagai proses dinamis yang mentransformasikan peran-peran yang berbeda menjadi partisipasi yang timbal balik dan komplementer dalam misi Allah.

Kata kunci: Kemitraan Misi; Mutualitas; Kerja Sama Antar-gereja


Keywords


mutuality; mission partnership; global mission

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adiprasetya, J. (2021). Revisiting Jürgen Moltmann’s theology of open friendship. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church, 21(2), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/1474225X.2021.1942618

Adiprasetya, J., & Sasongko, N. (2019). A Compassionate Space‐making: Toward a Trinitarian Theology of Friendship. The Ecumenical Review, 71, 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/erev.12416

Alawode, A. O. (2020). Challenges and prospects of partnership among local and foreign christian missionaries in Nigeria. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 76(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i3.5983

Barnes, J. S. (2010). Partnership in Christian Mission: A History of the Protestant Missionary Movement. University of KwaZulu-Natal.

Bosch, D. J. (1978). Towards True Mutuality: Exchanging the Same Commodities or Supplementing Each Others’ Needs? Missiology, 6(3), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/009182967800600303

Bosch, D. J. (1991). Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission. Orbis Books.

Bush, L., & Lutz, L. (1990). Partnering in Ministry: The Direction of World Evangelism. InterVarsity Press.

Cueva, S. (2007). Partnership. In J. Corrie, J. F. Martinez, & S. Chan (Eds.), Dictionary of Mission Theology: Evangelical Foundations (pp. 273–273). Intervarsity Press.

Dean, M. W. (2013). Mutuality and Missions: The Western Christian in Global Ministry. Missiology, 41(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091829613489493

Duncan, G. A. (2007). The growth of partnership in mission in global mission history during the twentieth century. HTS, 63(3), 2007.

Engen, C. Van. (2001). Toward a Theology of Mission Partnerships. Missiology, 29(1), 11–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/009182960102900102

Kim, S. (2014). Inter-Asia Mission and Global Missionary Movements from Asia. In Felix Wilfred (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Christianity in Asia. Oxford University Press.

Lederleitner, M. (2010). Is it possible to adhere to Western ethical and cultural standards regarding financial accountability without fostering neo-colonialism in this next era of global mission partnerships? Thoughts and reflections for broader dialogue. In D. Balia & K. Kim (Eds.), Edinburgh 2010: Witnessing to Christ Today. Regnum Books.

Little, C. R. (2012). Breaking Bad Missiological Habits. In M. Barnett (Ed.), Discovering the Mission of God (pp. 487–487). IVP Academic.

McAteer, M. (2013). Partnership in Mission: An Analysis of Hindrances and Practical Suggestions for Implementation. International Journal of Pentecostal Missiology, 1. https://www.evangel.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/McAteer_PARTNERSHIP_IN_MISSION_39-54.pdf

Nasimiyu-Wasike, A. (2001). Is Mutuality Possible? An African Response. Missiology, 29(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/009182960102900103

Newbigin, L. (1989). The Gospel in a Pluralist Society. Eerdmans.

Odesola, A. O., & Audi, M. (2019). PARTNERSHIP IN MISSIONS AS A TOOL FOR WORLD EVANGELIZATION VO L. 1 1 • N O. 1 FA LL 2 0 1 9. GREAT COMISSION RESEARCH JOURNAL. https://www.gordonconwell.edu/ockenga/research/documents/Christianityinits-

Park, T. K. (2009). Missionary Movement of the Korean Church. Asian Mission History Forum, Semarang 2009.

Tan, K.-S. (2011). Who is in the Driver’s Seat? A Critique of Mission Partnership Models between Western Missions and East Asian Mission Movements. In K.-S. Tan, J. Ingleby, & S. Cozens (Eds.), Understanding Asian Mission Movements (pp. 51–52). Wide Margin.

Tankler, Ü. (2022). The Theology of Partnership in Mission. European Journal of Theology, 31(1), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.5117/EJt2022.1.005.tANK

Van Engen, C. (2019). Mission Partnerships Today. Acta Theologica, Supp(28), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.18820/23099089/actat.Sup28.4

van Engen, C. (2019). Present-day mission partnerships. Acta Theologica, 2019, 69–69. https://doi.org/10.18820/23099089/actat.Sup28.4

Wan, E. (2011). Diaspora Missiology: Theory, Methodology and Practice. . Institute of Diaspora Studies.

Widyamadja, Y. (2010). Yesus dan Wong Cilik: Praksis Diakonia Transformatif dan Teologi Rakyat di Indonesia. BPK Gunung Mulia.

Wright, C. J. H. (2006). The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible’s Grand Narrative. IVP Academic.

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage.

Documentary Sources

GIA XIV General Assembly Materials, 1990

GIA XXI General Assembly Materials, 2012

GIA XXIII General Assembly Materials, 2022




DOI: https://doi.org/10.55097/sabda.v7i2.363

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.55097/sabda.v7i2.363.g167

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Goenawan Susanto Hadianto, Young-Dong Kim

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Sabda: Jurnal Teologi Kristen Telah Terindeks di: 

   

View My Stats

Alamat: Jalan Raya Kopeng No.KM. 3, RT.07/RW.05 Desa, Bendosari, Kumpulrejo, Kec. Argomulyo, Kota Salatiga, Jawa Tengah 50774