Menyikapi Perdebatan tentang Nenek Moyang Manusia dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Perguruan Tinggi

Murni Hermawaty Sitanggang

Abstract


The question about the appropriate strategy for teaching human creation in Christian Religious Education class sometimes arises when there is a clash between the testimony of the Bible and scientific theory. The Bible states that Adam and Eve were the first humans, while scientists based on the theory of evolution assume ancient humans are the ancestors due to the discovery of fossils. This article aims to address this debate using descriptive analysis methods with a literature approach. The conclusion is that educators do not need to avoid the theory of evolution but instead face it with arguments from the Bible and science.

 

Abstrak:

Bagaimana strategi yang pas mengajarkan penciptaan manusia dalam pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen merupakan pertanyaan yang sering muncul ketika terjadi benturan antara kesaksian Alkitab dan teori sains. Alkitab menyatakan Adam dan Hawa adalah nenek moyang manusia sementara ilmuwan dengan didasari teori evolusi berasumsi adanya manusia purba dengan adanya penemuan fosil. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan menyikapi perdebatan tersebut menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan pendekataan kepustakaan. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah pendidik tidak perlu menghindari teori evolusi dan justru perlu menghadapinya dengan argumentasi dari sisi Alkitab dan ilmu pengetahuan.

Kata Kunci: penciptaan, Adam dan Hawa, evolusi, manusia purba.


Keywords


creation, Adam and Eve, evolution, ancient humans

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ang, Daniel Gordon, Jon Garvey, David Kwon, and S. Joshua Swamidass. 2021. “Is Evolutionary Science in Conflict With.” Peaceful Science 1–4.

Augustyn, Adam. 2022. “Fossil.” Encyclopedia Britannica.

Ayala, Fransisco Jose. 2022. “Evolution.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved December 13, 2022 (https://www.britannica.com/science/evolution-scientific-theory).

Belmawa, Dirjen. 2016. Pendidikan Agama Kristen Untuk Perguruan Tinggi. Jakarta: Kemenristek Dikti.

Bonnette, Dennis. 2015. “The Rational Credibility of a Literal Adam and Eve 1.” Espiritu: Cuadernos Del Instituto Filosofico de Balmesiana 64(150):303–20.

Choice, Eloise T. 2016. “Eve or ‘Evolution’? The Question of the Creation of Adam and Eve as the First Humans versus the Theory That Humankind Self-Changed Over The Course of Millions of Years.” Proceedings of Conferences on the Dialogue between Science and Theology 3(1):356–74. doi: 10.18638/dialogo.2016.3.1.31.

Collins, C. John. 2010. “Adam and Eve as Historical People, and Why It Matters.” Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 62(3):147–165.

Conradie, Ernst M. 2018. “The Christian Faith and Evolution: An Evolving, Unresolved Debate.” Verbum et Ecclesia 39(1):1–14. doi: 10.4102/ve.v39i1.1843.

Darwin, Charles. 1859. On The Origin of Species. London: Clowes and sons.

Darwin, Charles. 1871. Descent of Man Vol. I. London: John Murray.

Garte, Sy. 2013. “Evolution and Imago Dei.” Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 65(4):242+.

Jen, Mariliyan. 2022. “Different Stages of Human Evolution.” Anthropology 10(1000280):9–10. doi: 10.35248/2332-0915.22.11.280.Citation.

Kuhn, Joseph A. 2012. “Dissecting Darwinism.” Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 25(1):41–47. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2012.11928781.

Luskin, Casey. 2021. “Lessons Not Learned from the Evangelical Debate over Adam and Eve.” Evolution News and Science Today. Retrieved December 29, 2022 (https://evolutionnews.org/2021/11/lessons-not-learned-from-the-evangelical-debate-over-adam-and-eve/).

Mendrofa, Ferminto, and Lastiar Roselyna Sitompul. 2022. “The Concept of Man in Anthropology-Christian Theology: Answers to Evolutionists.” PASCA: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 18(1):28–36. doi: 10.46494/psc.v18i1.187.

Menton, David. 2010. “Did Humans Really Evolve from Apelike Creatures?” Answers IN GENESIS. Retrieved February 9, 2023 (https://answersingenesis.org/human-evolution/ape-man/did-humans-really-evolve-from-apelike-creatures/).

Moritz, Joshua M. 2011. “Evolution, the End of Human Uniqueness, and the Election of the Imago Dei.” Theology and Science 9(3):307–39. doi: 10.1080/14746700.2011.587665.

Morris, Henry M. n.d. “The Scientific Case Against Evolution.” Institute for Creation Research. Retrieved July 5, 2023 (https://www.icr.org/home/resources/resources_tracts_scientificcaseagainstevolution/).

Mortenson, Terry. 2017. “When Was Adam Created?” Answers IN GENESIS. Retrieved February 27, 2023 (https://answersingenesis.org/adam-and-eve/when-was-adam-created/).

Mortenson, Terry. n.d. “Theistic Evolution Is Not the Real Problem!” Answers IN GENESIS. Retrieved February 2, 2023 (https://answersingenesis.org/theistic-evolution/theistic-evolution-not-the-real-problem/).

Paleontology, UC Museum of. n.d. “Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace.” The History of Evolutionary Thought. Retrieved December 14, 2022 (https://evolution.berkeley.edu/the-history-of-evolutionary-thought/1800s/natural-selection-charles-darwin-alfred-russel-wallace/).

Pattipeilohy, Stella Y. E., and John C. Simon. 2019. “Pandangan Dunia Evolusioner Dan Respon Iman Kristen.” BIA’: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen Kontekstual 2(1):94–107. doi: 10.34307/b.v2i1.66.

Pelz, Daniel. 2018. “Lucy vs. Adam and Eve: The Theory of Evolution in Africa.” Made for Minds. Retrieved December 28, 2022 (https://www.dw.com/en/lucy-vs-adam-and-eve-the-theory-of-evolution-in-africa/a-42774442).

Platinga, Alvin. 1991. “When Faith and Reason Clash: Evolution and the Bible.” Christian Scholar’s Review 21(1):8–32.

Pretorius, Mark. 2011. “The Creation and the Fall of Adam and Eve: Literal, Symbolic, or Myth?” Conspectus: The Journal of the South African Theological Seminary 12(09):161–84.

Randall, Rebecca. 2020. “What If We Don’t Have to Choose Between Evolution and Adam and Eve?” Christianity Today.

Roughgarden, Joan. 2006. Evolution and Christian Faith: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist. Island Press.

Sangwa, Sixbert, and Placide Mutabazi. 2021. “The Bible and Science: The Relationship between Science and Christianity.” Science & Philosophy 9(1):7–29. doi: 10.23756/sp.v9i1.596.

Saragi, Marojahan. 2015. “Ancaman Evolusionisme Terhadap Pendidikan Kristen.” KURIOS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 3(1):40–47. doi: 10.30995/kur.v3i1.27.

Simango, Daniel. 2016. “The Imago Dei (Gen 1:26-27): A History of Interpretation From Philo To the Present.” Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42(1):172–90. doi: 10.25159/2412-4265/1065.

Sitanggang, Murni Hermawaty. 2019. Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Jember: UNEJ Press.

Smith, S. J. 2010. “The Role of Controversial Issues in Moral Education: Approaches and Attitudes of Christian School Educators.” International Christian Community of Teacher Educators Journal 6(1).

Stenmark, Mikael. 2012. “How to Relate Christian Faith and Science.” Pp. 63–73 in The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity, edited by J. B. Stump and A. G. Padgett. Blackwell.

Swamidass, S. Joshua. 2018. “The Overlooked Science of Genealogical Ancestry.” Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 70(1):19–35.

Valčo, Michal, and Armand J. Boehme. 2017. “Christian Faith and Science: Can Science Enhance Theology?” European Journal of Science and Theology 13(3):89–97.

Wassyinger, William W. 1989. “Opinion: Theory of Evolution Has Never Been Proved.” The New York Times, December.

Winslow, Mark W., John R. Staver, and Lawrence C. Scharmann. 2011. “Evolution and Personal Religious Belief: Christian University Biology-Related Majors’ Search for Reconciliation.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 48(9):1026–49. doi: 10.1002/tea.20417.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.55097/sabda.v5i1.110

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.55097/sabda.v5i1.110.g89

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Sabda: Jurnal Teologi Kristen

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Sabda: Jurnal Teologi Kristen Telah Terindeks di:

  

 

View My Stats